Silicon Carbide (SiC) coating was deposited by Magnetron Sputtering technique on different types of metals such as Mild Steel (MS), Aluminium (Al) and Stainless Steel (SS) to produce the amorphous SiC coating. Magnetron sputtering process is Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process for deposited material onto substrate by ejecting atom from target material (SiC) and condensing the ejecting atom onto different substrate metals in high vacuum environment. FTIR spectroscopy used to analyse the type of bonding and particularly confirms the existence of Si-C bonding by comparing them with standard reference sample. The existence of Si-C bonding was confirmed existence on all types of samples and it was slightly shifted around 722 cm-1 and 817 cm-1 of wave number. Surface morphology of SiC coatings were observed and types of corrosion was detected by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after immersion test was conducted.
School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
The free-running tests are conducted in still water and irregular waves using a ship model of a Bulk Carrier of 178 m in ship length. Turning tests with rudder angle 35 deg and -35 deg and 10/10 and -10/-10 zig-zag maneuver tests are carried out in the wave condition where Sea State 5 and head wave direction in the ship approach condition. Advance becomes smaller in irregular waves than still water since the waves come from the heading direction of the ship in approach condition. The drifting amount of the turning ship in waves becomes large with decreasing the approach speed since the influence of the wave drift forces become relatively large for the slow ship. The ship drifts more in long-crested irregular waves than short-crested waves. Overshoot angles (OSAs) of zig-zag maneuvers become smaller in irregular waves than still water, although OSA is almost the same in longand short-crested waves in service speed condition.
School of engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
Long range visual marine aids to navigation is not required by current marine navigational practice. Therefore, luminous range of lighthouses should be reduced. The objective of this study is to determine a minimum luminous range for major lighthouses. The minimum luminous range is determined by conducting two steps, namely by modifying the existing geographical range formula and determine a strong linear correlation between light intensity and luminous range with the lowest gradient as possible in a linear graph. The application of minimum luminous range would eliminate the loom of light beyond the lighthouse's geographical range, which is not necessary for current navigational practice. This approach is applied to seven major lighthouses in Peninsular Malaysia, which resulted in minimum luminous range that ranging from 12 nm to 14 nm, which is a reduction from current luminous range ranging from 18 nm to 25 nm. Based on a survey on lighthouse lighting equipment offered by three leading AtoNs manufacturer in the market, an ideal model of lighting equipment was selected that able to deliver the minimum luminous range with less power consumption and not cumbersome to install. This new minimum luminous range may reduce the service provider procurement and operational costs and sufficient for mariner used. The new minimum luminous range can sustain lighthouses operation in the GNSS.
Programme of Nautical Science and Maritime Transportation, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Marine Engineering Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur MIMET, 32200 Lumut, Perak
Micro-controller is a system of functional computer in a chip. There are cores of processor in it, memory ( a small number of RAM, program memory, or both of them ) and input-output equipment. The wares like this is combined by Pneumatic system become a series of systems which work by using control system through arduino uno series mechanism that managed by micro-controller, therefore it has regular movement according calibration which used when water of rain wet the sensor. Translation movement from piston could spread the umbrella through valve setting and force calculation and the direction of air flow based on the physics theory, with a minimum of air pressure, then umbrella’s movement managed according with system needs. Pneumatic umbrella could operate with quantity of air usage in single cylinder Q = 0,3925 m/seconds. Single cylinder type is chosen 50 mm as many as one, the length of piston’s step is 500 mm with umbrella’s expanse 3 metres.
Department of Aeronautical, Automotive and Ocean Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Ocean and Aerospace Engineering Research Institute, Indonesia
In this study, hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship model with steering are measured in deep and shallow waters. The water depth is changed from the depth to draft ratio h/d = 1.2, 1.5 and deep water. As a result, we obtained the followings: Absolute value of the rudder normal force becomes slightly small in shallow water. The rudder torque reaches a peak near the rudder angle δ=±20 deg, and the absolute values at the peak become smaller in shallower water. The rudder force increase factor aH and the longitudinal coordinate of acting point of the additional lateral force x'H, which are important parameters used in the MMG simulation model (Yasukawa & Yoshimura., 2015), become large until h/d=1.5, and small in h/d=1.2 significantly. The flow straightening coefficient also becomes large until h/d=1.5, and small in h/d=1.2.
School of engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
Wing in ground effect craft are becoming promising transportation over the last decade. This paper objectively reviews the current state of knowledge of stability wing in ground effect craft. It encompassed the definition of the phenomenon, the importance of the stability, the area of the studies including aerodynamic during take-off, cruises, and landing. This paper focuses on the stability development of the WIG craft, including recent safety regulation. It also covered a more details on the wing parameters such wing type, anhedral angle, wing tip and endplate. The finding shows that the current developments of the stability criteria still not mature and there is still room for improvement, particularly on transverse or lateral stability of WIG, where it plays important roles in the safety aspect. It is crucial to understand the stability and its component in order to avoid the unforeseen accident.
Marine Technology Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
Aeronautical Laboratories, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
This paper is a part of a work aimed at obtaining engineering models of stress distribution and thermal response for the new design geometry shapes of palm slag brake pad composite. 3D finite element simulations have been conducted for brake pad and rotor system using finite element code ANSYS. The stress distribution and temperature response of brake pads for this investigation was significantly influenced by the surface design of brake pads.
Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Riau, Indonesia
Synthetic jet is an unsteady jet which generates turbulence fluid flow, which is effective in cooling the microelectronic devices. The oscillating diaphragm of the synthetic jet produces the air flow and delivers to the microelectronic heat sink for the cooling process. In this paper, an experiment was carried out to investigate to cooling performance of the synthetic jet on the microelectronic heat sink by varying driven frequency and heat dissipation rate of the heat sink. The driven frequencies range from 0 Hz to 8 Hz and the heat dissipation rates range between 2.5W to 9W. The Cooling Performance of the synthetic jet is evaluated by the thermal resistance and Nusselt number. The results reveal that the thermal resistance decreses, and the Nusselt number increses, with both driven actuator frequency and Reynold number.
School of Mechanical Engineering, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
An offshore structure is exposed to environmental loads such as wind, wave and current but normally the dominant load is due to wind-generated random wave. The time domain method is used because it is the most versatile and reliable method for predicting the statistical of the offshore structural response due to random wave. However, the Monte Carlo (MC) time simulation method is very time consuming because it required large simulated response record to reduce the excessive sampling variability. In recent study, the efficient time simulation (ETS) method was successfully introduced to predict the probability of the extreme value of the structural response. This method which takes the advantage of the correlation between the extreme values of surface elevation and their corresponding response extreme values has proved to be very efficient for all sea states intensity. In this paper, an optimized version of ETS method is introduced by investigating the systematic selection number of simulated response record. Consequently, the efficiency and accuracy of an optimized version of the ETS method are validated with the MC time simulation method.
UTM Razak School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
To question the reliability of the obtained values, the existing uncertainties should be expressed as quantities. In this study, the uncertainties are examined occurred in resistance tests follow procedures standard uncertainty analysis method and data collected from the towing tanks by International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC). The 1:14 model test of a concept design High Speed Marine Vehicle was tested at calm water condition at three different speeds: 24, 28 and 32 knots. The facility and measurement systems are briefly described, and detailed uncertainties arising from the resistance test are estimated. The results are discussed with regard to the data trends and uncertainties, including Froude number (Fr) effect. The experimental results can be used as a database to benchmark computer codes and validate numerical research work currently at Indonesian Hydrodynamics Laboratory.
Department of Naval Architecture, Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Indonesia
Researcher, Agency of Assessment and Application Technology (BPPT), Indonesia
